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Views: 60 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-02-09 Origin: Site
The steel structure is one of the main building structures, commonly composed of steel beams, steel columns, steel trusses, and other components made of hot-rolling, cold-bending, and welding section steel. All steel components are usually connected by welding seams, bolts, or rivets to form a solid structure that withstands and transmits loads.
A steel structure building is made up of all kinds of components. Let'sLet's check out each main part of a steel structure building.
The foundation refers to the soil that bears the load of the superstructure, which is not part of the building but has the most significant impact on the consolidation of the building. The quality of the foundation directly affects the foundation scheme and the whole project cost. Due to the different sizes of buildings, the foundation's strength requirements are also different.
From on-site construction, foundations can be divided into natural and artificial foundations. A natural foundation is a natural soil layer that can meet all the load requirements of the foundation in a natural state and does not need to be reinforced by humans. Although the soil texture is good, the artificial foundation is needed to have sufficient bearing capacity when the upper load is too large.
The base is the load-bearing component at the bottom of the building in contact with the foundation as well as the underpart extension of the whole structure that directly contacts the foundation. The basic is to transfer the load from the upper part of the building to the foundation, especially providing the reinforced connection for the steel columns to the foundation. Therefore, the foundation must be firm, stable, and reliable.
After the foundation and the basics have been done, steel columns will be installed. A steel column is a vertical component that bears the load and provides solid support for beams, trusses, floors, etc. Generally, steel columns are prefabricated into different forms, classified into square columns, cylinders, tubular columns, rectangular columns, I-shaped columns, H-shaped columns, T-shaped columns, L-shaped columns, cross-shaped columns, etc. Steel columns are an essential part of a steel structure building, so choosing the right type to use is necessary. The choice of steel column will depend on how much the imposed load is.
Beams are primarily designed to carry vertical gravitational and horizontal forces like earthquakes or winds. Generally, steel beams transfer loads to columns, walls, or other beams, which transfer loads to compression components.
The bearing capacity of the beam is mainly determined by its section form, length, and material. The most common form of steel beams is I-beams or H-beams with wide flanges, commonly used in steel frame houses and bridges. Other common forms of steel beams like structural steel, hollow section structure, steel pipe are commonly used in offshore oil platforms, for they are not easy to corrode.
Beams are classified according to their support conditions. Different constraints will have different stable states and deformations. A beam with hinged ends is called a supported beam; a beam with one end fixed and one free end is called a cantilever beam, and a supported beam that extends beyond the fulcrum is called an overhanging beam.
Bracing is the supporting rods at the corners of the sidewalls, between beams and columns, between beams and purlins, and between columns and purlins. Bracing helps ensure the out-of-plane stability and reduce the out-of-plane calculated of the component. Besides, the setting of the bracing is used to ensure the partial stability of the compression part of the lower flange of the beam.
The main purlins are connected and installed on the columns and beams of the roof and external wall structures, and the secondary purlins are used to connect the roof panels and external wall panels to the basic structure. Modern steel structure buildings generally use C and Z-shaped steel sections. Z-shaped steel section is used as the purlin of a steel frame building as well as the inner supporting part of the steel structure with better bearing capacity.
Roofs usually include waterproof layers, roof panels, beams, equipment pipes, ceilings, etc. Roof panels are load-bearing components and the interface that divides the top space and external space. The roof is the uppermost enclosure structure of a steel structure building, which should meet the corresponding functional requirements to provide a suitable internal environment for the building.
Steel structure can be divided into four types according to its applications, including towering steel structure, plate and shell steel structure, industrial plant steel structure, and light steel structure.
The towering structure includes TV towers, microwave towers, communication towers, high-voltage transmission line towers, petrochemical towers, atmospheric monitoring towers, rocket launch towers, travel observation towers, drilling towers, exhaust towers, water towers, chimneys, etc. All these towers are mostly formed with steel structures.
Plate and shell structure is like a huge airtight container made of steel, such as large oil storage, gas depots, furnace shells and other blast furnace structures and large-diameter high-pressure oil pipelines that can withstand large internal forces and rapid temperature changes.、
The steel structure is a popular construction type for most industrial workshops, especially the loading-bearing skeletons of heavy workshops, such as open hearth workshops, blooming workshops, mixing furnace workshop in the metallurgical plant; and steel casting workshops, hydraulic press workshops, foraging workshops in heavy machinery factories; slipway workshops in shipyards, and assemble workshops in aircraft manufacturing plants, as well as the roofs and crane beams of other workshops with larger spans.
Light steel structure usually refers to the structure welded by round steel, small-angle steel, thin-walled steel, or thin steel plate. The advantages of light steel structures are lightweight, low cost, high degree of industrialization of manufacturing, less workload of on-site installation, fast construction, beautiful appearance, wide internal space, high construction area, and space utilization rate. Thus, in recent years, light steel structures have developed rapidly and are widely used for industrial plants, residential houses, stadium bleachers, and small warehouses and villas.
The connection is to assemble steel plates or sections into components in a certain way and then assemble all components to form an overall structure. The connection methods of steel structure can be divided into welding, bolting, riveting, and bolting, including ordinary and high-strength bolt connections.
Benefits:
1. Do not impair the component section, saving steel materials.
2. Components can be welded into any shape, and welding does not need other connectors. The component is easy-processing, and the manufacturing is labor-saving.
3. The welding connection has good sealing performance and high rigidity.
4. Welding is friendly to automation, which brings high production efficiency.
Drawbacks:
1. The material in the heat-affected zone near the weld is somewhat brittle.
2. Welding residual stress and residual deformation have a negative impact on the structural work.
3. The welded structure is prone to cracks. Once there are partial cracks, it may rapidly expand to the entire section, especially at low temperatures.
Benefits:
Reliable load transmission; good toughness and plasticity; easy to inspect quality; good resistance to dynamic loads.
Drawbacks:
Complex structure; high consumption of steel and labor.
Benefits:
Easy to assemble and unassemble.
Drawbacks:
Not suitable for shearing when the bolt accuracy is low; the processing and installation are complex, and the price is relatively high when the bolt accuracy is high.
Benefits:
1. Friction-type shearing is susceptible to deformation; got good elastic performance, especially suitable for structures with follow-up load; higher bearing capacity than friction type; the connection is compact.
Drawback:
Complex installation process and high cost because of the friction surface; large shear deformation of the pressure-bearing connection, not ideal for structures that bear dynamic loads.
We are a professional steel structure supplier, focus on designing, manufacturing, constructing all kinds of steel frame buildings, such as warehouse, factory workshop, villa, residential house, office building, etc. For more information about our products and services, welcome to contact us at teamworksteelstructure@aliyun.com.
